Expected result

This target does not expect a total inventory of all anthropogenic pressures on migratory species and their habitats, and it does not necessarily expect all such pressures to be reduced to non-detrimental levels.  It may instead be fulfilled by reducing to such levels a sub-set of pressures that are selected for this attention (for example because they are the most urgent, or the best understood, or the most amenable to change, or for some other reason).

While the target therefore does not create an expectation of change in all relevant pressures, there should be a demonstrable change in a good number of them (“multiple”).  Fully assessing the achievement of this target will require information on:

• The agreed definition of a range of types of pressures that can be assessed in this way.
• The presence of a detectable reduction in the “level” of a given pressure (which may involve a change in its magnitude, intensity, severity, duration, cumulative impact, geographical spread or some other relevant parameter), perceived relative to a defined baseline state.
• The “level” of a given pressure that constitutes the threshold between detrimental and non-detrimental effects on migratory species.
• The “level” of a given pressure that constitutes the threshold between detrimental and non-detrimental effects on the functioning, integrity, ecological connectivity and resilience of the habitats of migratory species.
• The relationship at a defined point in time between the actual levels of pressure described above and the “threshold” levels described above.

If the “threshold” levels as described above can be known or plausibly proposed, then there is no need to assess the achievement of this target by direct measurements of the conservation status of the migratory species concerned, or of the functioning, integrity, ecological connectivity and resilience of their habitats (sometimes referred to as the “receiving environment”).  If on the other hand in a given instance it proves more practical to measure these “ecological outcome” parameters, then the extent to which they are attributable to a reduction in the level of relevant pressures will need to be known.